Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp87.2 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range, from the verified WoWS dispersion model: $\sigma_H = \left(\dfrac{R}{30}\cdot\dfrac{\text{idealRadius}-\text{minRadius}}{\text{idealDistance}} + \text{minRadius}\right)\cdot 30$ $= \left(\dfrac{9630}{30}\cdot\dfrac{8-0.5}{1000} + 0.5\right)\cdot 30 = 87.2\,\text{m}$
Max Vert Disp52.3 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range: $\sigma_V = \sigma_H \cdot \text{radiusOnMax}$ $= 87.2 \cdot 0.6 = 52.3\,\text{m}$
Med Horiz Disp27.9 m
50%-hit horizontal radius: $\sigma_{H,50} = \sigma_H \cdot \text{GetHalfHitsRatio}(\sigma)$ $= 87.2 \cdot 0.32\;(\sigma = 2) = 27.9\,\text{m}$
Med Vert Disp16.7 m
50%-hit vertical radius: $\sigma_{V,50} = \sigma_V \cdot \text{GetHalfHitsRatio}(\sigma)$ $= 52.3 \cdot 0.319\;(\sigma = 2) = 16.7\,\text{m}$
AP Pen Close300.9 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: $P = 10^{-7}\cdot K \cdot m^{0.69} \cdot d^{-1.07} \cdot v_0^{1.38}$ $= 10^{-7}\cdot 2750 \cdot 25^{0.69} \cdot 0.127^{-1.07} \cdot 960^{1.38} = 300.9\,\text{mm}$. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far63.8 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (13.2 km), where the shell has slowed to 311.9 m/s: $P = 10^{-7}\cdot 2750 \cdot 25^{0.69} \cdot 0.127^{-1.07} \cdot 311.9^{1.38} = 63.8\,\text{mm}$.
HE penetration21 mm
21 mm ≈ 127 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch8 mm
floor(127 mm caliber / 14.3) = 8 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius12
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha2
Barrels that can bear on one beam (2 of 4); casemate/wing mounts only fire one side.
Turret turn time18 s
180 degrees / 10 deg/s traverse speed = 18 s.
HE full-salvo alpha4,400
2,200 HE damage x 2 broadside guns = 4,400.
AP full-salvo alpha6,600
3,300 AP damage x 2 broadside guns = 6,600.
Base HE DPM52,800
4,400 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 5 s base reload = 52,800.
Base AP DPM79,200
6,600 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 5 s base reload = 79,200.
Base shells/min24
2 broadside guns x 60 / 5 s base reload = 24.
Base fires/min2.16
2 HE shells x 60 / 5 s reload x 9% fire chance = 2.16.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability0.9 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time9.1 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed38 kt
Travel time to max range81 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count12
4 launchers x 3 tubes.
Per-side salvo12 torpedoes
12 (centerline launchers train across - full salvo to either side).
Full-salvo damage129,996
All tubes hitting one target: tubes x per-torpedo simulated damage = 12 x 10,833 = 129,996.
Per-side salvo damage129,996
One side firing, all torpedoes hitting: per-side tubes x per-torpedo simulated damage = 12 x 10,833 = 129,996.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS70
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (1×3.5×1) + (20×3.5×0.95) = 70. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range3 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index144
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range2 km
Damage Control Party
Smoke Generator