GamingDiver / WoWs Legends Ships / Cristoforo Colombo

World of Warships: Legends ship guide

Cristoforo Colombo

Also called: 克里斯托弗·哥伦布 Beta

Italy · Tier ★ · Battleship · Premium

Secondary battleshipPush into secondary range so the auto-battery adds to your main-gun damage.

Playstyle

Push to within secondary range (~7 km) so the secondary battery starts contributing damage
Avoid: Torpedo Boat Brawling; with no torpedoes you cannot trade back a fight fought inside enemy torpedo range

Key characteristics

Strong secondaries (7 km)High HE DPMWide always-pen zoneExhaust SmokeSpotter planeLoose grouping

On this page

Community stats
Playstyle
How to get Cristoforo Colombo
Builds
Cohort position
Stats and specs
Charts
Background
Armor
Balance history
Exteriors

Community Data

Cristoforo Colombo Community Stats

Across 24,000+ Standard battles from 260+ players, Cristoforo Colombo averages a 63% win rate, 116,000 damage and 1.3 kills per battle, and survives 43% of them.

Community Data

Cristoforo Colombo Community Stats

Log in to GamingDiver and upload your data to see Community Data for Cristoforo Colombo: community win rate, damage, survival, spotting, and your own comparison.

Playstyle

Overview

Cristoforo Colombo is a Legendary Italian secondary battleship with top-decile secondary reach out to 7 km: the kit rewards closing inside secondary range and letting the auto-fire battery work alongside the mains, not holding mid-range AP lines. Her secondaries fire SAP, so the auto-fire battery punches through angled plating that shatters standard HE. Standout traits: best heavy secondary DPM in Legendary BBs (479,400, 1st of 23) and HE DPM in Legendary BBs (154,417, 3rd of 22). The trade is loose grouping in Legendary BBs (1.6, 23rd of 23).

Positioning

Push to within secondary range (~7 km) so the secondary battery starts contributing damage. A secondary BB at mid range is wasting half her kit; the geometry that pays out is close enough that the secondaries DPM peer BBs instead of the main battery alone. Shooting from the cloud gives you away at 10.9 km, wider than a destroyer's own concealment here (about 7.1 km), so one can watch you shoot for 3.8 km before you know it is there, with the smoke holding you broadside and stopped. Treat it as cover to leave from, not a firing position. Vision is mutual: past the 2 km guaranteed ring you cannot see out either, and nothing in her kit sees through it, so you would be blind as well as stopped. Enemy sonar (about 4.9 km) and radar (about 9.9 km) read straight in regardless. The screen is 900 m across, twice the usual, which makes it a team asset rather than a personal one: dropped across a friendly push it covers ships either side of you, not just your own hull.

Potato Avoidance

Torpedo Boat Brawling

With no torpedoes you cannot trade back a fight fought inside enemy torpedo range. Hold the band where your guns and secondaries punish them while their fish still fall short, and lean on armor and volume of fire instead of closing the last few kilometers into a spread you have no answer for.

Signature Traits

ELITE SECONDARIES ↗

Extended secondary range · 7 km
Heavy secondary DPM · 479400 secondary
Tight secondary grouping
Tight secondary spread

ELITE MAIN BATTERY ↗

HE DPM machine · 154417 HE
Fast HE shells · 4.63 s

Extra heal charges ↗

4 Repair Party charges, best of Legendary BBs. More total HP available across a match.

Loose grouping ↗

Sigma 1.6, bottom decile of Legendary BBs. Shells scatter more; bracketing matters.

No torpedo backup

A brawler with no torpedoes: every trade is guns and secondaries. The sweet spot is inside secondary range but outside easy torpedo range -- close enough that the auto-fire battery works, not so close that a destroyer or torpedo cruiser lands a salvo you can't answer.

Acquisition

How to get Cristoforo Colombo

Cristoforo Colombo is the Legendary ship of the Bruiser Battleships branch of the Italy Tech Tree. It is not researched in the tree: it is obtained by completing its Research Bureau project. Acquisition path: Research Bureau.

Research BureauComplete the Cristoforo Colombo Research Bureau project, which follows the Bruiser Battleships line.

While you save up, check active promo codes for free doubloons, camouflages, and other rewards.

Official WG availability sources

Autumn Update: Risk It And Win Bureau project Start: 2023-08-24
- Three new Bureau Projects arrive with this update; all of them are free to research, and they will each reward you with a Legendary ship: French heavy cruiser Henri IV, Italian battleship Cristoforo Colombo, or Pan-European destroyer Halland.

Builds

Pair with a commander whose unique skill complements her main armament; check the build tool for current recommendations.

Open in Build Tool →

Have a build you swear by? Open it in the Build Tool and hit Save build to share it here, or browse the Ship Builds guide for proven loadouts across the fleet.

Cohort position

Hide ▾

Where Cristoforo Colombo sits among Legendary BBs (22 ships). Notable standouts are shown first; the rest of the cohort-ranked stats are in the expand below. Acquisition variants (Black Friday, Founders Edition) are counted once with their base ship, not as separate peers.

BestSmoke fire bloom10.86 km (1/23) BestSecondary DPM (per side)479,400 (1/23) BestHE velocity880 m/s (1/22) BestAP ricochet start50° (1 of 3 tied) BestAP auto-bounce angle65° (1 of 3 tied) BestRepair charges4 (1/23) Top 10%HE DPM154,417 (3/22) Top 10%AP velocity850 m/s (3/23) Top 25%AP arming threshold64 mm (5/23) Top 25%Secondary range7 km (4/23) Bottom 25%Main battery caliber381 mm (19/23) Bottom 25%AP shell damage10,250 (20/23) Bottom 25%Main dispersion235.1 m (20/23) Bottom 10%Main battery reload33.5 s (22/23) WorstSigma1.6 (1 of 2 tied) WorstHE fire chance24% (22/22) WorstAA range4 km (1 of 2 tied) WorstNo torpedoes (17 of 23 in cohort) WorstCitadel belt100 mm (23/23)

See 27 mid-pack stats

Not standouts for Cristoforo Colombo -- here's where she sits on every other ranked stat in the cohort. Stats tagged NORM are tied across more than half the cohort, so the value is the cohort default rather than a standout.

Hit points80,000 HP(16/23) Max speed29.6 kt(15/23) Concealment15.8 km(7/23) Air detection12.64 km(7/23) Rudder shift18.1 s(13/23) Turning circle960 m(15/23) Main battery range17.25 km(15/23) HE shell damage5,400(16/22) Fires per minute6.86(15/22) AP DPM293,106(10/23) Time to 90% speed36 s(14/23) Acceleration (0-12 kt)14.2 s(13/23) Engine power160,000 hp(16/23) Power / turn radius166.7 hp/m(15/23) Displacement66,666 t(12/23) Power-to-weight2.4 hp/t(12/23) AP pen at 10 km593 mm(18/23) Effective HE DPM (incl. fire)210,650(9/22) AA DPS618(15/23) AA threat1,976(18/23) Flak damage per salvo (expected)2,205(12/23) Max armor400 mm(16/23) NormSecondary dispersion bracket57(16 of 23 tied at this value) NormAP fuse timer0.033 s(20 of 23 tied at this value) NormRepair heal rate0.5 %/s(15 of 23 tied at this value) NormBow armor32 mm(18 of 23 tied at this value) NormStern armor32 mm(18 of 23 tied at this value)

Peers in this cohort

Compare Legendary Battleships

Show all 22 peers

Stats & specs

Customize in the Build Tool →

Survivability

Hit Points80,000

Displacement66,666 t

Hull dimensions

Length x beam at the waterline, plus draft. Length matters when dodging torpedoes; beam and draft shape how hard the ship is to hit.

282 x 40.9 m

Armor range19–400 mm

Plate armor thicknesses19, 25, 32, 38, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250, 330, 375, 400 mm

Armor material/layer entries69

Fire resistance

top hull: 1 − 0.6004 fire coefficient = 40%. Lowers how often hits set you on fire. It does not reduce the damage a burning fire does per second; fires burn at the full rate on every ship.

40%

Fire duration60 s

Fire damage

One unattended fire: 0.003 of max HP per second (0.3%) × 60 s = 0.18 of the pool; 0.18 × 80,000 HP = 14,400 HP on this ship. 4 fire points can burn at once.

0.3% of HP per second

Flood duration40 s

Flood damage

One unattended flood: 0.005 of max HP per second (0.5%) × 40 s = 0.2 of the pool; 0.2 × 80,000 HP = 16,000 HP on this ship.

0.5% of HP per second

Torp Reduction

1 − 0.23 hull torpedo-damage coefficient / 0.333 unprotected baseline = 31%. Reduces torpedo hit damage. It does not affect flooding: floods start as often and tick at the full rate.

31%

Magazine HP

Per-turret powder-magazine HP, a separate pool from the ship's. Penetrating hits wear it down and the turret is likelier to be knocked out as it falls, so a larger pool keeps the guns firing through punishment that silences a peer's.

41,500

Steering gear HP

Durability of the steering gears. As this pool drops, hits are likelier to jam the rudder; unlike most modules the steering can be knocked out and repaired but is never permanently destroyed.

24,000

Effective HP

Base 80,000 HP plus everything Repair Party can restore: 0.005 of max HP per second (0.5%) × 28 s × 80,000 HP = 11,200 HP per charge, × 4 charges = 44,800 HP. Ceiling, not a prediction: a charge only restores damage actually taken, and only the regeneratable share of it. In practice ships realize about half of this, mostly because half the charges go unspent; a charge that is used returns about 97% of the per-charge figure above.

88,889–124,800

Repairable: penetration50%

Repairable: citadel10%

Repairable: steering gear50%

Bow section HP

Damage saturation pool for the bow: penetrations here deal their normal share until twice this much penetration damage has landed on the section (2 × 3,000 = 6,000), then further hits on it deal half damage. A penetration deals 0.33 × the shell's max damage; once the section is saturated it deals exactly half of that (0.5 × 0.33 = 0.165 × max damage), so a 3,000-damage shell's pen goes from 990 to 495. Overpens (0.1 × max damage) and citadels (1.0 ×) ignore saturation. Pens on the ship's other, unsaturated sections still deal the normal 0.33 ×. A larger pool keeps that part of the ship taking full damage for longer; a small one saturates fast and protects the ship's HP.

3,000

Casemate section HP

Damage saturation pool for the casemate: penetrations here deal their normal share until twice this much penetration damage has landed on the section (2 × 14,100 = 28,200), then further hits on it deal half damage. A penetration deals 0.33 × the shell's max damage; once the section is saturated it deals exactly half of that (0.5 × 0.33 = 0.165 × max damage), so a 3,000-damage shell's pen goes from 990 to 495. Overpens (0.1 × max damage) and citadels (1.0 ×) ignore saturation. Pens on the ship's other, unsaturated sections still deal the normal 0.33 ×. A larger pool keeps that part of the ship taking full damage for longer; a small one saturates fast and protects the ship's HP.

14,100

Hull section HP

Damage saturation pool for the hull: penetrations here deal their normal share until twice this much penetration damage has landed on the section (2 × 60,000 = 120,000), then further hits on it deal half damage. A penetration deals 0.33 × the shell's max damage; once the section is saturated it deals exactly half of that (0.5 × 0.33 = 0.165 × max damage), so a 3,000-damage shell's pen goes from 990 to 495. Overpens (0.1 × max damage) and citadels (1.0 ×) ignore saturation. Pens on the ship's other, unsaturated sections still deal the normal 0.33 ×. A larger pool keeps that part of the ship taking full damage for longer; a small one saturates fast and protects the ship's HP.

60,000

Superstructure section HP

Damage saturation pool for the superstructure: penetrations here deal their normal share until twice this much penetration damage has landed on the section (2 × 3,400 = 6,800), then further hits on it deal half damage. A penetration deals 0.33 × the shell's max damage; once the section is saturated it deals exactly half of that (0.5 × 0.33 = 0.165 × max damage), so a 3,000-damage shell's pen goes from 990 to 495. Overpens (0.1 × max damage) and citadels (1.0 ×) ignore saturation. Pens on the ship's other, unsaturated sections still deal the normal 0.33 ×. The superstructure is not exempt: it saturates exactly like the bow and stern, so shells aimed at it stop dealing full damage once this pool is used up. A larger pool keeps that part of the ship taking full damage for longer; a small one saturates fast and protects the ship's HP.

3,400

Stern section HP

Damage saturation pool for the stern: penetrations here deal their normal share until twice this much penetration damage has landed on the section (2 × 3,500 = 7,000), then further hits on it deal half damage. A penetration deals 0.33 × the shell's max damage; once the section is saturated it deals exactly half of that (0.5 × 0.33 = 0.165 × max damage), so a 3,000-damage shell's pen goes from 990 to 495. Overpens (0.1 × max damage) and citadels (1.0 ×) ignore saturation. Pens on the ship's other, unsaturated sections still deal the normal 0.33 ×. A larger pool keeps that part of the ship taking full damage for longer; a small one saturates fast and protects the ship's HP.

3,500

Citadel section HP

This section has no practical saturation cap: every hit here keeps dealing its normal share of damage (on most ships the citadel; on many destroyers the casemate).

No saturation cap

Main Battery

ModuleArtillery: 381 mm/50 1934

Mounts / barrels4 mounts / 16 barrels

Reload time33.5 s

Firing range17.3 km

Turret traverse4.7 °/s

Turret armor406 mm

Turret traverse arcs

How far each mount can train, in degrees to either side of the mount's own facing. A rear turret with ±150° leaves a 60° blind wedge over the bow; one-sided arcs are wing mounts that cover a single side. The data does not say which way each mount faces, so the arcs are listed per mount without bow/stern angles.

2x ±144°

Guns to bear

180° − 155° (the most restricted aft-facing mount's arc) = 25° off bow; 180° − 144° (the most restricted forward-facing mount's arc) = 36° off stern. How far off the bow (or stern) the ship must angle before every main turret can fire: the widest blind wedge among the rear-facing (or forward-facing) mounts, from each mount's trainable arc.

25° off bow / 36° off stern

See the firing-arcs diagram ↓

Shell Grouping (σ)1.6

Dispersion type

In practice: 1% wider (worse) horizontal dispersion and 1% more vertical spread at max range (17.3 km) than a standard battleship: about 235 m wide × 141 m tall, against 233 m × 140 m. Also on this curve (55): AL Vittorio Veneto, Alsace, Andrea Doria, BA Binah, BA Tirpitz, Bayern, Bismarck, Bismarck B, Brandenburg, Bretagne, Cavour, Centurion and 43 more.

European battleship

Max Horiz Disp

Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range, from the dispersion model:

σ_{H} = (\frac{R}{30} \cdot \frac{idealRadius - minRadius}{idealDistance} + minRadius) \cdot 30

= (\frac{17253}{30} \cdot \frac{12 - 2.2}{1000} + 2.2) \cdot 30 = 235.1 m

235.1 m at 17.3 km

Max Vert Disp

Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range:

σ_{V} = σ_{H} \cdot radiusOnMax

= 235.1 \cdot 0.6 = 141 m

141 m at 17.3 km

Med Horiz Disp

50%-hit horizontal radius:

σ_{H, 50} = σ_{H} \cdot \frac{0.6}{σ}

= 235.1 \cdot \frac{0.6}{1.6} = 88.2 m

88.2 m at 17.3 km

Med Vert Disp

50%-hit vertical radius:

σ_{V, 50} = σ_{V} \cdot \frac{0.6}{σ}

= 141 \cdot \frac{0.6}{1.6} = 52.9 m

52.9 m at 17.3 km

Turret turn time

180 degrees / 4.7 deg/s traverse speed = 38.3 s.

38.3 s

Shells/min

Zero upgrades: 16 broadside guns x 60 / 33.571 s (33.5 s = 235 ticks) base reload = 28.6. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 16 broadside guns x 60 / 30.286 s (30.2 s = 212 ticks) all-upgrades reload (33.5 s × 0.9 Main Battery Mod. 3 = 30.2 s) = 31.7.

Initial: 28.6 → 31.7

HE shells

HE alpha5,400

HE Velocity880 m/s

Fire Chance24%

HE fire DPM vs T8 BB56257

Effective HE DPM vs T8 BB210674

HE penetration

64 mm ≈ 381 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).

64 mm

HE full-salvo alpha

5,400 HE damage x 16 broadside guns = 86,400.

86,400

HE DPM

Zero upgrades: 86,400 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 33.571 s (33.5 s = 235 ticks) base reload = 154,417. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 86,400 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 30.286 s (30.2 s = 212 ticks) all-upgrades reload (33.5 s × 0.9 Main Battery Mod. 3 = 30.2 s) = 171,170.

Initial: 154,417 → 171,170

Fires/min

Zero upgrades: 28.6 shells/min × 0.24 (24% fire chance) = 6.86. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 31.7 shells/min × 0.24 (24% fire chance) = 7.61.

Initial: 6.86 → 7.61

AP shells

AP alpha10,250

AP Velocity850 m/s

Min Ricochet50 deg

Guaranteed Ricochet65 deg

Fuse Timer0.033 s

Fuse Threshold64 mm

AP pen max range484 mm

AP overmatch

floor(381 mm caliber / 14.3) = 26 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).

26 mm

AP Pen Close

AP formula evaluated at muzzle velocity:

P = 10^{- 7} \cdot K \cdot m^{0.69} \cdot d^{- 1.07} \cdot v_{0}^{1.38}

= 10^{- 7} \cdot 2434 \cdot {884.8}^{0.69} \cdot {0.381}^{- 1.07} \cdot 850^{1.38} = 814.1 mm

814.1 mm point-blank

AP Pen Far

Same formula at the ship's max firing range (17.3 km), where the shell has slowed to 583 m/s:

P = 10^{- 7} \cdot 2434 \cdot {884.8}^{0.69} \cdot {0.381}^{- 1.07} \cdot 583^{1.38} = 483.8 mm

483.8 mm at 17.3 km

AP full-salvo alpha

10,250 AP damage x 16 broadside guns = 164,000.

164,000

AP DPM

Zero upgrades: 164,000 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 33.571 s (33.5 s = 235 ticks) base reload = 293,106. All upgrades (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10% reload): 164,000 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 30.286 s (30.2 s = 212 ticks) all-upgrades reload (33.5 s × 0.9 Main Battery Mod. 3 = 30.2 s) = 324,906.

Initial: 293,106 → 324,906

AP AOE Radius

AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.

120

AA Defense

AA mount points36

Maximum AA range

Longest-reaching family on the in-game AA card. Base AirDefense aura max range is 3.5 km; dual-purpose mount auras extend it.

4 km

37 mm/54 Breda 19388×2 37mm

37 mm/54 Breda 19398×4 37mm

20 mm/70 Breda 194120×6 20mm

90 mm/50 OTO 1939 (DP)

Dual-purpose: your secondaries doing double duty against aircraft. The same mounts appear on the Secondary Battery card - shared guns, not extra hardware.

12×2 90mm

Guns90 mm/50 OTO 1939 (DP)

Continuous DPS

Effective DPS in in-game units (raw aura damage × 3.5 × hit probability, summed per contributing aura) - matches the Close-range AA DPS headline's currency. Includes 142 from dual-purpose secondaries firing as AA in this range band.

142

Range4 km

Guns37 mm/54 Breda 1938 + 37 mm/54 Breda 1939

Continuous DPS

Effective DPS: 116 raw aura damage × 3.5 × 0.75 hit probability = 304 - the same in-game units as the Close-range AA DPS headline.

304

Range3.5 km

Total DPS in Aura

Far 142 + Medium 304 = 446

446

Guns20 mm/70 Breda 1941

Continuous DPS

Effective DPS: 70 raw aura damage × 3.5 × 0.7 hit probability = 172 - the same in-game units as the Close-range AA DPS headline.

172

Range2 km

Total DPS in Aura

Far 142 + Medium 304 + Near 172 = 618

618

AA explosions

Each ~2 s salvo fires 3 AA explosions in quick succession, each leaving 4 clouds ahead of the attacking squadron, plus 2 stray clouds farther out that appear off-beat between salvos - up to 14 clouds per salvo × 210 damage each. Planes that fly into a cloud take its damage; clouds dissipate before the next salvo lands. Defensive AA Fire, where fitted, multiplies the AA explosions within each salvo, and commander skills that raise the Number of AA explosions add to it.

3 per salvo, 4 clouds each + 2 outer clouds

Cloud damage

Damage a plane takes for flying into one flak cloud, before any reductions.

210

Cloud spawn chance

Each cloud in the pattern rolls this chance to spawn, so salvos average fewer clouds than the maximum. Often called flak 'hit chance', but spawned clouds always damage planes that fly into them - the roll is on spawning.

75%

Salvo interval

A new flak salvo (the AA explosions above) fires roughly every 2 s.

every ~2 s

Fired by

Flak keeps firing while at least one secondary battery mount is operational - even losing every dedicated AA mount does not stop it.

Secondary battery

Flak zone

The activation band: flak fires while attacking planes are inside it. Clouds are placed ahead of the planes' path, so clouds can land short of 2.5 km or past 4 km - once planes get inside the band, new salvos stop. AA range bonuses push the outer edge out; the 2.5 km inner edge does not move.

2.5-4 km

See the AA layers diagram ↓

Secondary Battery

Mounts18

Firing range7.0 km

Shell Grouping (σ)1

Secondary DPM (per side)

Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), with each reload counted in whole 1/7 s ticks (guns fire on the first tick after the reload), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 6×3 152 mm (9/side) × 60/8.571 s (8.5 s = 60 ticks) × 3800 = 239,400 + 12×2 90 mm (12/side) × 60/6 s × 2000 = 240,000. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).

479,400

Secondary dispersion type

Max dispersion = range (km) × 57 + 30. Each dispersion type sets its own slope; this is not a percentage applied to a standard baseline.

Standard

Max secondary dispersion @ 7 km

7 km × 57 + 30 = 429 m.

429 m

Caliber152 mm

Reload time8.5 s

SAP alpha3,800

Muzzle Velocity930 m/s

SAP Pen42.3 mm

Min Ricochet70°

Max Ricochet90°

Show 1 more gun family

Caliber90 mm

Reload time6 s

SAP alpha2,000

Muzzle Velocity850 m/s

SAP Pen26 mm

Min Ricochet70°

Max Ricochet90°

Maneuverability

Engine power160,000 hp

Maximum speed29.6 kt

Turning circle radius960 m

Rudder shift time18.1 s

Engine power-boost threshold7.0 kt

Engine spool-up time23 s

Reverse spool-up time11.5 s

Reverse speed

top speed / 4 + 4.9 = 29.6 / 4 + 4.9 = 12.3 kt. Base value; speed modifiers scale it.

12.3 kt

Crash stop

Seconds from top speed to a dead stop after ordering full reverse: reverse power winds in over the reverse spool-up while water drag does most of the braking, using the ship's own reverse-power ratio. The full curve is on the acceleration chart. Full reverse stops about a quarter faster than a plain Stop order from top speed.

40.7 s

Engine boost threshold (reverse)

Speed below which the engine's built-in power boost applies in reverse.

9.4 kt

Acceleration 0-90%

Time to reach 90% of top speed (26.6 kt of 29.6 kt).

36 s

Acceleration 0-99%

Time to reach 99% of top speed (29.3 kt of 29.6 kt). 99% rather than 100% because true top speed is asymptotic (thrust meets drag), so the last fraction of a knot is never quite gained.

57.5 s

Guns in a full turn

With the rudder hard over the hull turns 3.5°/s, so a target drifts across the bow at that rate. Turret traverse minus hull turn: 4.7 − 3.5 = +1.2°/s, so the guns hold the target through the turn. Main Battery Mod. 2 (+20% traverse) and Mod. 3 (−15%) move this line.

hold target (+1.2°/s spare)

See the full acceleration curve ↓

Concealment

Detectability by sea

Base value, no camouflage. With a Grade IV permanent camo (or any disposable camo): 15.8 km x 0.955 = 15.09 km. Camouflage does not change detectability by air.

15.8 km

With Grade IV camouflage (sea)

Detectability by sea 15.8 km x 0.955 (Grade IV permanent camo or any disposable camo) = 15.09 km.

15.09 km

Detectability by air12.64 km

Smoke firing penalty10.86 km

Detect when firing (sea)

max(main battery range, sea detectability 15.8 km) = 17.25 km. Equal to the ship's main battery range (never below base detectability): firing makes you visible to everyone you can reach.

17.25 km

Detect when firing (air)

Air detectability 12.64 km + gun-firing bloom 7.62 km = 20.26 km. The bloom tracks main-battery caliber 381 mm × 0.020 = 7.62 km.

20.26 km

Detect when on fire (sea)

Sea detectability 15.8 km + 2.0 km while burning = 17.8 km.

17.8 km

Detect when on fire (air)

Air detectability 12.64 km + 3.0 km while burning = 15.64 km.

15.64 km

Guaranteed Detect2 km

✦

Consumables

Damage Control Party∞ charges · 80 s reload · 15 s active

Repair Party4 charges · 80 s reload · 28 s active · 11,200 HP (14% of max HP) total heal (per charge)
ƒ
0.005 of max HP per second (0.5%) × 28 s effective active time = 0.14 of max HP × 80,000 HP = 11,200 HP: up to 14% of max HP restored per charge.
· 44,800 HP (56% of max HP) total heal (all charges)
ƒ
0.14 of max HP per charge × 4 charges = 0.56 × 80,000 HP = 44,800 HP: up to 56% of max HP if the whole Repair Party loadout is used.
· 400 HP/s (0.5% of max HP) heal per second
ƒ
0.005 (0.5% of max HP) × 80,000 HP = 400 HP/s. WoWS heals a flat percent of MAX HP each second, so this rate holds at any health level.

Exhaust Smoke Generator3 charges · 150 s reload · 45 s emit / 10 s cloud active · 900 m radius

Choose one

Catapult Fighter4 charges · 80 s reload · 60 s active · 5 km patrol radius
ƒ
Derived from the consumable's 30 m grid-unit range (km = grid units x 30 / 1000): $\frac{167 \times 30}{1000} = 5 km$
· 1 squadron size

Observation Seaplane4 charges · 200 s reload · 30 s active · 1 squadron size · Tightens main-battery shell grouping

Enhanced Secondary Targeting4 charges · 120 s reload · 30 s active · +150% grouping · -60% dispersion

Under the hood

Show ▾

All values are ship base stats with modifications and upgrade changes denoted inline.

The constants behind the formulas and the long tail: shell and dispersion inputs, fixed-range anchors, salvo math, layered AA. Click the formula chip on any row to see how it is calculated.

Main battery formulas

vs standard BB1% wider H · 1% taller V

H = horizontal, V = vertical spread. This ship's curve against the standard battleship curve, both evaluated at this ship's max range (17.3 km) with the same model as Max Horiz/Vert Disp: horizontal 235 / 233 m − 1 = +1%, vertical 141 / 140 m − 1 = +1%. Shell grouping (σ) is separate: it sets how shells bunch toward the centre of this ellipse.

Shell scatter width @ 5 km115 m

(166.7 × (12 − 2.2) / 1000 + 2.2 × 166.7 / 166.7) × 30 = 115 m (inside the 5 km taper). Horizontal scatter at a fixed 5 km, from the same dispersion model as the rows below - a knife-fight-range anchor comparable across ships.

Shell scatter width @ 10 km164 m

(333.3 × (12 − 2.2) / 1000 + 2.2) × 30 = 164 m. How wide your shells scatter at 10 km, from the same dispersion model as the max-range figure above. Picking a fixed range makes this number directly comparable from ship to ship: max-range dispersion makes a longer-range gun look worse even when it's tighter at any common range. The interactive Dispersion tab on the Charts card plots the full curve from 0 to max range.

Shell scatter width @ 15 km213 m

(500 × (12 − 2.2) / 1000 + 2.2) × 30 = 213 m. Horizontal scatter at a fixed 15 km, from the same dispersion model - the long-range anchor. Only shown when the ship's guns reach 15 km.

Shell scatter height @ 5 km43 m

How tall the scatter ellipse is at a fixed 5 km, from the same model, comparable from ship to ship. The height/width ratio is a piecewise-linear curve through three points from the ship's own dispersion data:  $radiusOnZero = 0.2$  at 0 m,  $radiusOnDelim = 0.5$  at  $delim \cdot R_{m a x} = 0.5 \cdot 17253 = 8626$  m, and  $radiusOnMax = 0.6$  at 17253 m. Below the kink:  $k = 0.2 + (0.5 - 0.2) \cdot \frac{5000}{8626} = 0.3739$ , so  $σ_{V} = σ_{H} \cdot k = 115 \cdot 0.3739 = 43 m$ .

Shell scatter height @ 10 km84.6 m

How tall the same scatter ellipse is at 10 km. Comparable from ship to ship for the same reason as the width value above. The height/width ratio is a piecewise-linear curve through three points from the ship's own dispersion data:  $radiusOnZero = 0.2$  at 0 m,  $radiusOnDelim = 0.5$  at  $delim \cdot R_{m a x} = 0.5 \cdot 17253 = 8626$  m, and  $radiusOnMax = 0.6$  at 17253 m. Above the kink:  $k = 0.5 + (0.6 - 0.5) \cdot \frac{10000 - 8626}{17253 - 8626} = 0.5159$ , so  $σ_{V} = σ_{H} \cdot k = 164 \cdot 0.5159 = 84.6 m$ .

Shell scatter height @ 15 km122.2 m

How tall the scatter ellipse is at a fixed 15 km, from the same model. Only shown when the ship's guns reach 15 km. The height/width ratio is a piecewise-linear curve through three points from the ship's own dispersion data:  $radiusOnZero = 0.2$  at 0 m,  $radiusOnDelim = 0.5$  at  $delim \cdot R_{m a x} = 0.5 \cdot 17253 = 8626$  m, and  $radiusOnMax = 0.6$  at 17253 m. Above the kink:  $k = 0.5 + (0.6 - 0.5) \cdot \frac{15000 - 8626}{17253 - 8626} = 0.5739$ , so  $σ_{V} = σ_{H} \cdot k = 213 \cdot 0.5739 = 122.2 m$ .

AP pen 5 km693 mm

AP penetration at a fixed 5 km, from the same ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the AP formula  $P = 10^{- 7} \cdot K \cdot m^{0.69} \cdot d^{- 1.07} \cdot v^{1.38}$   $= 10^{- 7} \cdot 2434 \cdot {884.8}^{0.69} \cdot {0.381}^{- 1.07} \cdot {756.7}^{1.38} = 693 mm$ , where 756.7 m/s is the shell's speed when it arrives at 5 km (from 850 m/s at the muzzle). Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.

AP pen 10 km593 mm

AP penetration at a fixed 10 km, from the same ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the AP formula  $P = 10^{- 7} \cdot K \cdot m^{0.69} \cdot d^{- 1.07} \cdot v^{1.38}$   $= 10^{- 7} \cdot 2434 \cdot {884.8}^{0.69} \cdot {0.381}^{- 1.07} \cdot 676^{1.38} = 593 mm$ , where 676 m/s is the shell's speed when it arrives at 10 km (from 850 m/s at the muzzle). Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.

AP pen 15 km514 mm

AP penetration at a fixed 15 km, from the same ballistic curve as AP Pen Close/Far: the shell's impact velocity at that range fed through the AP formula  $P = 10^{- 7} \cdot K \cdot m^{0.69} \cdot d^{- 1.07} \cdot v^{1.38}$   $= 10^{- 7} \cdot 2434 \cdot {884.8}^{0.69} \cdot {0.381}^{- 1.07} \cdot {608.7}^{1.38} = 514 mm$ , where 608.7 m/s is the shell's speed when it arrives at 15 km (from 850 m/s at the muzzle). Fixed anchors make ships directly comparable at the same fighting distance; the Charts card plots the full curve.

AP flight time @ 10 km4.79 s

How long an AP shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag,  $a_{drag} = k ρ v^{2}$ , where  $ρ$  is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and  $k$  bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass:  $k = \frac{π C_{d} d^{2}}{8 m} = \frac{π \cdot 0.2954 \cdot {0.381}^{2}}{8 \cdot 884.8} = 1.9 \times 10^{- 5}$ . That runs from a 850 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77 because the game clock runs faster than real time. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.

HE flight time @ 10 km4.63 s

How long an HE shell takes to reach a target at a fixed 10 km, from the same numerically integrated trajectory the Charts card plots. The shell slows under quadratic air drag,  $a_{drag} = k ρ v^{2}$ , where  $ρ$  is air density from a standard-atmosphere profile and  $k$  bundles the shell's drag coefficient, caliber and mass:  $k = \frac{π C_{d} d^{2}}{8 m} = \frac{π \cdot 0.275 \cdot {0.381}^{2}}{8 \cdot 824.3} = 1.9 \times 10^{- 5}$ . That runs from a 880 m/s muzzle velocity in 0.02 s steps under gravity 9.8 m/s² until the shell lands, then divides by 2.77 because the game clock runs faster than real time. Lower is better, since a faster shell is harder to dodge and needs less lead.

Guns per full salvo (alpha, DPM)16

4 mounts × 4 barrels = 16; all 16 bear on the broadside.

Model inputs

Krupp (AP)2,434

Armor-penetration constant of the AP shell; penetration scales straight with it, so a 10% higher Krupp is 10% more penetration at every range.

AP shell mass884.8 kg

Enters penetration as mass^0.69 and slows the shell's drag deceleration, so a heavier shell keeps more velocity at range.

AP drag coefficient0.2954

Air drag on the AP shell in flight; lower keeps velocity, and with it penetration, at long range.

AP muzzle velocity850 m/s

Starting speed of the AP shell; penetration scales with velocity^1.38.

HE muzzle velocity880 m/s

Starting speed of the HE shell; sets its flight time and lead.

idealRadius12

Horizontal dispersion growth per idealDistance of range, in 30 m units; the slope of the scatter-width line.

minRadius2.2

Horizontal dispersion at zero range, in 30 m units; the intercept of the scatter-width line.

idealDistance1,000 m

Range step over which horizontal dispersion grows by idealRadius.

taperDist5,000 m

Inside this range the scatter width tapers toward minRadius instead of following the line.

radiusOnZero0.2

Vertical scatter as a share of horizontal at zero range.

radiusOnDelim0.5

Vertical scatter as a share of horizontal at the delim point.

radiusOnMax0.6

Vertical scatter as a share of horizontal at maximum range.

delim0.5

Where the vertical-scatter curve bends, as a share of maximum range.

AA defense

AA DPS at max range142

Only families that reach 4 km contribute at the outer edge of the AA bubble. In-game families: Breda 37mm double 8x2 -> 152 DPS @ 3.5 km; 37mm Breda barrels 4 8x4 -> 152 DPS @ 3.5 km; 20mm70 Breda barrels 6 20x6 -> 172 DPS @ 2 km; 90mm50 barrels 2 M1939 12x2 -> 142 DPS @ 4 km.

AA DPS layered by range142 DPS @ 4 km, 446 DPS @ 3.5 km, 618 DPS @ 2 km

@ 4 km: 142 from one family; @ 3.5 km: 152 + 152 + 142 = 446; @ 2 km: 152 + 152 + 172 + 142 = 618. Cumulative AA DPS at each family range threshold. Inner ranges stack the outer families, so a target closing the distance hits stronger AA bubbles as it crosses each band.

AA DPS at point-blank618

152 + 152 + 172 + 142 = 618 DPS: the sum of every family's average DPS, achievable only inside the closest-range family (2 km).

AA threat index1976

152 × 3.5 + 152 × 3.5 + 172 × 2 + 142 × 4 = 1976. SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.

Near aura range2 km

Secondary battery dispersion

Secondary dispersion @ 5 km315 m

Same per-type line evaluated at a fixed 5 km: 5 km × 57 + 30 = 315 m.

Secondary battery firepower

Max SAP alpha3800

max(3800 (152 mm), 2000 (90 mm)) = 3800. Maximum SAP damage per shell across secondary SAP families. Best on this ship: 3800 from the 152 mm family.

Max SAP pen42.3 mm

max(42.3 mm (152 mm), 26 mm (90 mm)) = 42.3 mm. Maximum SAP armor penetration across secondary SAP families. SAP auto-bounces past its ricochet angles but never shatters on plate it can pen, and it starts no fires. Best on this ship: 42.3 mm from the 152 mm family.

Open in Charting Tool

Ship Charts

Background

A large battleship that embodies the Italian shipbuilding achievements of the early 1940s. The ship is armed with sixteen 15-inch (381 mm) main guns and a strong secondary battery.

Armor Beta

Hull HP 80,000, distributed across 5 hull zones, each with its own plate thicknesses, saturation cap, and pen thresholds.

Bow & stern32 mm

Overmatched by 7 AP guns here: Incomparable SE 25IncomparableYamato and 4 more. Angling still helps against the rest.

Belt / citadel375 mm

Citadels come from a flat broadside at close range; held past ~30° of angle, AP shatters or bounces.

Farming19 mm

Superstructure and extremities take HE pens and AP overpens from nearly any gun: steady chip damage. Fire resistance 40%, fires burn 60s. Range-by-range in the Compare tool →

Section	Plates	HP cap	Threats	Tactic
Bow	32 mm primary (range 32–60 mm)	3,000 (4% of HP)	Overmatched by 460mm+ AP (Aki, Musashi)Angle bounces 410mm32 mm: HE pens from 203mm+	Bow-tank fits behind this exterior plate. Saturation is FAST here; the cap is often only a few thousand HP.
Hull (midship)	400 mm primary (range 25–400 mm)	60,000 (75% of HP)	No common AP caliber overmatches400 mm: no common HE pens	Largest HP pool. Citadel sits behind these plates; thinner deck and side plating absorb the rest.
Stern	32 mm primary (range 32–250 mm)	3,500 (4% of HP)	Overmatched by 460mm+ AP (Aki, Musashi)Angle bounces 410mm32 mm: HE pens from 203mm+	Mirror of bow. Same fast saturation.
Citadel	375 mm primary (range 38–100 mm)	≈ 165,500 (effectively no cap)	Citadel pen: full damageOver-pen: ×0.10 damage	Effectively no cap; citadel pool sits at ~165k HP on every ship. An AP citadel penetration deals the shell's full damage, the biggest single hit available; only over-penetrations are damped, to ×0.10.
Superstructure	19 mm	3,400 (4% of HP)	Any HE ≥16 mm pens at full damage	Any HE ≥16 mm pens at full damage. HE-spam target, and the section saturates fast (often only a few thousand HP).
Turret (module, per magazine)	separate HP pool, does not drain ship HP	41,500 magazine HP	Turret knocked out	Per-turret powder-magazine HP, a separate pool that does not drain ship HP. As it is worn down the turret is likelier to be knocked out, and a smaller pool gets there faster.
Secondary mount (152 mm mount)	separate HP pool, does not drain ship HP	800 per-mount HP	Destroyed at 0 HP	Per-mount HP for the heaviest secondary on this ship. A mount destroyed at 0 HP is out for the rest of the battle; DCP does not repair destroyed mounts. Smaller (lighter-caliber) secondaries typically share the same HP value.
AA mount (37 mm mount)	separate HP pool, does not drain ship HP	200 per-mount HP	Destroyed at 0 HP	Per-mount HP for the heaviest AA on this ship. An AA mount destroyed at 0 HP stops shooting down planes for the rest of the battle; DCP does not repair destroyed mounts. HE shells specifically target AA mounts since the small-caliber HP pool falls fast.
Rudder (module)	separate HP pool, does not drain ship HP	24,000 module HP	Incapacitated at 0 HP	When module HP reaches 0 the rudder locks at its current angle until DCP repairs it. Repair via Damage Control Party.

Saturation cap = HP a section can absorb before further damage to it is reduced (the "bow-tank" effect). Citadel pool is ~165k on every ship (effectively no cap); damage is gated by pen/over-pen multipliers instead. Superstructure saturates fast but HE always pens regardless of the plate thickness. Rudder (and other module HPs) are a separate pool from ship HP: damaging a module doesn't drain ship HP. Incapacitated modules like the rudder and engine are restored by DCP, but secondary and AA mounts destroyed at 0 HP stay out for the rest of the battle.

Balance History

Balance updates affecting Cristoforo Colombo. Cards are condensed; use each source link for full context.

Nerf ×11Buff ×6Main Battery ×5

2026-04-30

Ministry of Balance: Viva la Marina!

Secondary battery firing range increased from 6.5 to 7 km.
Improved the Enhanced Secondary Targeting consumable:
Number of charges increased from 3 to 4.
Cooldown time reduced from 160 to 120 s.
Secondary battery shell grouping increased by 25% (from 2 to 2.5 sigma).
Secondary battery dispersion reduced by 20%.

Read the full official post

2024-09-05

Ministry of Balance: Season of Change

Main battery AP shell damage reduced from 11,000 to 10,250.
Main battery AP minimum penetration angle reduced from 55 to 50 degrees.
Main battery AP maximum penetration angle reduced from 70 to 65 degrees.
Upgraded hull total health reduced from 83,000 to 80,000:
Upgraded hull engine HP reduced from 89,900 to 80,000.
Upgraded hull bow HP reduced from 3,200 to 3,000.
Upgraded hull stern HP reduced from 3,600 to 3,500.
Upgraded hull HP reduced from 62,300 to 60,000.
Upgraded hull steering gear HP reduced from 24,900 to 24,000.
Upgraded hull superstructure HP reduced from 3,500 to 3,400.
Upgraded hull casemate HP reduced from 14,700 to 14,100.

Read the full official post

Exteriors

Skins & permanent camouflages

Every custom exterior Cristoforo Colombo can equip.

DefaultThe ship’s standard exterior
Lorica Segmentata (Cristoforo Colombo)Decorative
Scorched TyrantHalloween

Primary official WG sources

Filtered to official World of Warships: Legends pages where this ship is a focus, reward, line member, or high-context variant mention.

2023-08-24 · Patch notes Autumn Update: Risk It And Win Patch notes 2024-09-05 · Patch notes September Update: Breeze of Inspiration Patch notes 2026-04-30 · Patch notes May Update: From Rome to Edo Patch notes

Cristoforo Colombo

Cristoforo Colombo Community Stats

Cristoforo Colombo Community Stats

Cristoforo Colombo Community Stats

Playstyle

Overview

Positioning

Potato Avoidance

Signature Traits →

How to get Cristoforo Colombo

Builds

Cohort position

Peers in this cohort

Stats & specs

Under the hood

Main battery formulas

Model inputs

AA defense

Secondary battery dispersion

Secondary battery firepower

Ship Charts

Background

Armor Beta

Balance History

Ministry of Balance: Viva la Marina!

Ministry of Balance: Season of Change

Skins & permanent camouflages

Primary official WG sources

Signature Traits