Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp119.5 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (12530/30·(8−1.1)/1000 + 1.1)·30 = 119.5 m
Max Vert Disp71.7 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 119.5 × 0.6 = 71.7 m
Med Horiz Disp38.2 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 119.5 × 0.32 (σ=2) = 38.2 m
Med Vert Disp22.9 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 71.7 × 0.319 (σ=2) = 22.9 m
AP Pen Close310 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2225 × 57.1^0.69 × 0.152^-1.07 × 870^1.38 = 310 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far86.3 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (17.2 km), where the shell has slowed to 344.3 m/s: 1e-7 × 2225 × 57.1^0.69 × 0.152^-1.07 × 344.3^1.38 = 86.3 mm.
HE penetration25 mm
25 mm ≈ 152 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch10 mm
floor(152 mm caliber / 14.3) = 10 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius15
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha9
All 9 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time15 s
180 degrees / 12 deg/s traverse speed = 15 s.
HE full-salvo alpha19,800
2,200 HE damage x 9 broadside guns = 19,800.
AP full-salvo alpha27,900
3,100 AP damage x 9 broadside guns = 27,900.
Base HE DPM99,000
19,800 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 12 s base reload = 99,000.
Base AP DPM139,500
27,900 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 12 s base reload = 139,500.
Base shells/min45
9 broadside guns x 60 / 12 s base reload = 45.
Base fires/min4.5
9 HE shells x 60 / 12 s reload x 10% fire chance = 4.5.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability1.2 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time8 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed58 kt
Travel time to max range49.7 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count6
2 launchers x 3 tubes.
Per-side salvo3 torpedoes
tube count / 2 (symmetric port/starboard launcher layout; common on cruisers and battleships with deck torpedoes).
Full-salvo damage73,398
tube count x per-torpedo simulated damage (all torpedoes hitting).
Per-side salvo damage36,699
per-side salvo x per-torpedo simulated damage.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS242
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (35×3.5×0.9) + (38×3.5×0.85) + (6×3.5×0.9) = 242. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range4 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index688
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range2 km
Secondary battery firepower
Secondary DPM (per side)39,000
Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 1×2 90 mm (1/side) × 60/4 × 1300 = 19,500 + 2×1 90 mm (1/side) × 60/4 × 1300 = 19,500. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).
Max HE alpha1300
Maximum HE damage per shell across secondary HE families. Best on this ship: 1300 from the 90 mm family.
Max HE fire chance5%
Maximum per-shell fire chance across secondary HE families (before target fire resistance is applied). Best on this ship: 5% from the 90 mm family.
Max HE pen15 mm
Maximum HE armor penetration across secondary HE families (caliber × 1/6 for most nations; 1/4 for German/UK BBs). Shells whose pen falls under a plate's armor thickness shatter for 0 hull damage though fire chance still applies. Best on this ship: 15 mm from the 90 mm family.
Damage Control Party
Sonar
Catapult Fighter