Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2.05
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp165.3 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (15818/30·(10−0.5)/1000 + 0.5)·30 = 165.3 m
Max Vert Disp99.2 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 165.3 × 0.6 = 99.2 m
Med Horiz Disp51.8 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 165.3 × 0.313 (σ=2.05) = 51.8 m
Med Vert Disp31.1 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 99.2 × 0.314 (σ=2.05) = 31.1 m
AP Pen Close603.4 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2365 × 448.8^0.69 × 0.31^-1.07 × 836^1.38 = 603.4 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far324.4 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (19.8 km), where the shell has slowed to 533.2 m/s: 1e-7 × 2365 × 448.8^0.69 × 0.31^-1.07 × 533.2^1.38 = 324.4 mm.
HE penetration52 mm
52 mm ≈ 310 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch21 mm
floor(310 mm caliber / 14.3) = 21 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius245
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha9
All 9 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time36 s
180 degrees / 5 deg/s traverse speed = 36 s.
HE full-salvo alpha45,900
5,100 HE damage x 9 broadside guns = 45,900.
AP full-salvo alpha77,850
8,650 AP damage x 9 broadside guns = 77,850.
Base HE DPM148,865
45,900 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 18.5 s base reload = 148,865.
Base AP DPM252,486
77,850 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 18.5 s base reload = 252,486.
Installed HE DPM164,910
45,900 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 16.7 s installed reload (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10%) = 164,910.
Installed AP DPM279,701
77,850 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 16.7 s installed reload (Main Battery Mod. 3 = -10%) = 279,701.
Base shells/min29.2
9 broadside guns x 60 / 18.5 s base reload = 29.2.
Installed shells/min32.3
9 broadside guns x 60 / 16.7 s installed Artillery reload = 32.3.
Base fires/min7.88
9 HE shells x 60 / 18.5 s reload x 27% fire chance = 7.88.
Installed fires/min8.73
9 HE shells x 60 / 16.7 s installed reload x 27% fire chance = 8.73.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability2.5 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time15.5 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed62 kt
Travel time to max range124.1 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count16
4 launchers x 4 tubes.
Per-side salvo8 torpedoes
tube count / 2 (symmetric port/starboard launcher layout; common on cruisers and battleships with deck torpedoes).
Full-salvo damage313,072
tube count x per-torpedo simulated damage (all torpedoes hitting).
Per-side salvo damage156,536
per-side salvo x per-torpedo simulated damage.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS618
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (62×3.5×0.9) + (84×3.5×0.85) + (55×3.5×0.9) = 618. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range5 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index2324
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range3.1 km
Secondary battery firepower
Secondary DPM (per side)272,000
Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 8×2 100 mm (8/side) × 60/3 × 1700 = 272,000. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).
Max HE alpha1700
Maximum HE damage per shell across secondary HE families. Best on this ship: 1700 from the 100 mm family.
Max HE fire chance6%
Maximum per-shell fire chance across secondary HE families (before target fire resistance is applied). Best on this ship: 6% from the 100 mm family.
Max HE pen17 mm
Maximum HE armor penetration across secondary HE families (caliber × 1/6 for most nations; 1/4 for German/UK BBs). Shells whose pen falls under a plate's armor thickness shatter for 0 hull damage though fire chance still applies. Best on this ship: 17 mm from the 100 mm family.
Damage Control Party
Sonar
Defensive AA Fire
Catapult Fighter
Observation Seaplane
Repair Party
