Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2.15
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp123.9 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (13175/30·(8−1.1)/1000 + 1.1)·30 = 123.9 m
Max Vert Disp74.3 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 123.9 × 0.6 = 74.3 m
Med Horiz Disp37.5 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 123.9 × 0.303 (σ=2.15) = 37.5 m
Med Vert Disp22.5 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 74.3 × 0.303 (σ=2.15) = 22.5 m
Dispersion familyCruiser Disp.
Standard cruiser dispersion baseline.
AP Pen Close390.9 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2400 × 116.1^0.69 × 0.203^-1.07 × 855^1.38 = 390.9 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far112.9 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (18.1 km), where the shell has slowed to 347.7 m/s: 1e-7 × 2400 × 116.1^0.69 × 0.203^-1.07 × 347.7^1.38 = 112.9 mm.
HE penetration34 mm
34 mm ≈ 203 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch14 mm
floor(203 mm caliber / 14.3) = 14 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius25
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha8
All 8 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time22.5 s
180 degrees / 8 deg/s traverse speed = 22.5 s.
HE full-salvo alpha24,800
3,100 HE damage x 8 broadside guns = 24,800.
AP full-salvo alpha38,400
4,800 AP damage x 8 broadside guns = 38,400.
Base HE DPM55,111
24,800 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 27 s base reload = 55,111.
Base AP DPM85,333
38,400 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 27 s base reload = 85,333.
Base shells/min17.8
8 broadside guns x 60 / 27 s base reload = 17.8.
Base fires/min2.67
8 HE shells x 60 / 27 s reload x 15% fire chance = 2.67.
Ready-rack burst alpha76,800
2 shells in rack x 8 broadside guns x 4,800 AP damage. Total damage the ship can deliver off the rack before reverting to base reload.
Burst window2.5 s
(2 shells - 1) x 2.5 s rack reload. Wall-clock duration from the first rack salvo to the last; the next salvo after that uses the base reload.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability1.2 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time7.8 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed59 kt
Travel time to max range45.8 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count12
4 launchers x 3 tubes.
Per-side salvo6 torpedoes
tube count / 2 (symmetric port/starboard launcher layout; common on cruisers and battleships with deck torpedoes).
Full-salvo damage175,596
tube count x per-torpedo simulated damage (all torpedoes hitting).
Per-side salvo damage87,798
per-side salvo x per-torpedo simulated damage.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS151
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (19×3.5×0.85) + (3×3.5×0.9) + (27×3.5×0.9) = 151. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range4.5 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index534
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range2 km
Secondary battery firepower
Secondary DPM (per side)146,571
Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 8×1 120 mm (4/side) × 60/3.5 × 1700 = 116,571 + 4×1 88 mm (2/side) × 60/4 × 1000 = 30,000. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).
Max HE alpha1700
Maximum HE damage per shell across secondary HE families. Best on this ship: 1700 from the 120 mm family.
Max HE fire chance8%
Maximum per-shell fire chance across secondary HE families (before target fire resistance is applied). Best on this ship: 8% from the 120 mm family.
Max HE pen20 mm
Maximum HE armor penetration across secondary HE families (caliber × 1/6 for most nations; 1/4 for German/UK BBs). Shells whose pen falls under a plate's armor thickness shatter for 0 hull damage though fire chance still applies. Best on this ship: 20 mm from the 120 mm family.
Damage Control Party
Sonar
Defensive AA Fire