Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp111.8 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range, from the verified WoWS dispersion model: $\sigma_H = \left(\dfrac{R}{30}\cdot\dfrac{\text{idealRadius}-\text{minRadius}}{\text{idealDistance}} + \text{minRadius}\right)\cdot 30$ $= \left(\dfrac{11427}{30}\cdot\dfrac{8-1.1}{1000} + 1.1\right)\cdot 30 = 111.8\,\text{m}$
Max Vert Disp67.1 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range: $\sigma_V = \sigma_H \cdot \text{radiusOnMax}$ $= 111.8 \cdot 0.6 = 67.1\,\text{m}$
Med Horiz Disp35.7 m
50%-hit horizontal radius: $\sigma_{H,50} = \sigma_H \cdot \text{GetHalfHitsRatio}(\sigma)$ $= 111.8 \cdot 0.319\;(\sigma = 2) = 35.7\,\text{m}$
Med Vert Disp21.4 m
50%-hit vertical radius: $\sigma_{V,50} = \sigma_V \cdot \text{GetHalfHitsRatio}(\sigma)$ $= 67.1 \cdot 0.319\;(\sigma = 2) = 21.4\,\text{m}$
AP Pen Close199.6 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: $P = 10^{-7}\cdot K \cdot m^{0.69} \cdot d^{-1.07} \cdot v_0^{1.38}$ $= 10^{-7}\cdot 1794 \cdot 38^{0.69} \cdot 0.14^{-1.07} \cdot 850^{1.38} = 199.6\,\text{mm}$. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far43.2 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (14.3 km), where the shell has slowed to 280.2 m/s: $P = 10^{-7}\cdot 1794 \cdot 38^{0.69} \cdot 0.14^{-1.07} \cdot 280.2^{1.38} = 43.2\,\text{mm}$.
HE penetration23 mm
23 mm ≈ 140 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch9 mm
floor(140 mm caliber / 14.3) = 9 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius8
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha4
All 4 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time24 s
180 degrees / 7.5 deg/s traverse speed = 24 s.
HE full-salvo alpha9,600
2,400 HE damage x 4 broadside guns = 9,600.
AP full-salvo alpha10,800
2,700 AP damage x 4 broadside guns = 10,800.
Base HE DPM82,286
9,600 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 7 s base reload = 82,286.
Base AP DPM92,571
10,800 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 7 s base reload = 92,571.
Base shells/min34.3
4 broadside guns x 60 / 7 s base reload = 34.3.
Base fires/min3.43
4 HE shells x 60 / 7 s reload x 10% fire chance = 3.43.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability1.2 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time8.1 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed57 kt
Travel time to max range47.2 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count4
2 launchers x 2 tubes.
Per-side salvo2 torpedoes
tube count / 2 (symmetric port/starboard launcher layout; common on cruisers and battleships with deck torpedoes).
Full-salvo damage33,068
All tubes hitting one target: tubes x per-torpedo simulated damage = 4 x 8,267 = 33,068.
Per-side salvo damage16,534
One side firing, all torpedoes hitting: per-side tubes x per-torpedo simulated damage = 2 x 8,267 = 16,534.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS76
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (18×3.5×0.9) + (6×3.5×0.9) = 76. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range5 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index270
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Secondary battery firepower
Secondary DPM (per side)25,200
Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 1×2 127 mm (1/side) × 60/5 × 2100 = 25,200. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).
Max HE alpha2100
Maximum HE damage per shell across secondary HE families. Best on this ship: 2100 from the 127 mm family.
Max HE fire chance8%
Maximum per-shell fire chance across secondary HE families (before target fire resistance is applied). Best on this ship: 8% from the 127 mm family.
Max HE pen21 mm
Maximum HE armor penetration across secondary HE families (caliber × 1/6 for most nations; 1/4 for German/UK BBs). Shells whose pen falls under a plate's armor thickness shatter for 0 hull damage though fire chance still applies. Best on this ship: 21 mm from the 127 mm family.
Damage Control Party
Catapult Fighter