Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)1.8
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp226.9 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (16418/30·(12−2.2)/1000 + 2.2)·30 = 226.9 m
Max Vert Disp136.1 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 226.9 × 0.6 = 136.1 m
Med Horiz Disp78 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 226.9 × 0.344 (σ=1.8) = 78 m
Med Vert Disp46.8 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 136.1 × 0.344 (σ=1.8) = 46.8 m
AP Pen Close713.2 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2428 × 560^0.69 × 0.33^-1.07 × 870^1.38 = 713.2 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far365 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (20.5 km), where the shell has slowed to 535.4 m/s: 1e-7 × 2428 × 560^0.69 × 0.33^-1.07 × 535.4^1.38 = 365 mm.
HE penetration55 mm
55 mm ≈ 330 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch23 mm
floor(330 mm caliber / 14.3) = 23 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius70
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha8
All 8 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time36 s
180 degrees / 5 deg/s traverse speed = 36 s.
HE full-salvo alpha38,400
4,800 HE damage x 8 broadside guns = 38,400.
AP full-salvo alpha77,600
9,700 AP damage x 8 broadside guns = 77,600.
Base HE DPM96,000
38,400 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 24 s base reload = 96,000.
Base AP DPM194,000
77,600 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 24 s base reload = 194,000.
Base shells/min20
8 broadside guns x 60 / 24 s base reload = 20.
Base fires/min7
8 HE shells x 60 / 24 s reload x 35% fire chance = 7.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS160
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (6×3.5×0.75) + (32×3.5×0.7) + (25×3.5×0.75) = 160. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range5.2 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index483
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range1.2 km
Secondary battery firepower
Secondary DPM (per side)182,400
Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 2×4 130 mm (4/side) × 60/5 × 1900 = 91,200 + 2×2 130 mm (2/side) × 60/5 × 1900 = 45,600 + 1×4 130 mm (2/side) × 60/5 × 1900 = 45,600. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).
Max HE alpha1900
Maximum HE damage per shell across secondary HE families. Best on this ship: 1900 from the 130 mm family.
Max HE fire chance9%
Maximum per-shell fire chance across secondary HE families (before target fire resistance is applied). Best on this ship: 9% from the 130 mm family.
Max HE pen22 mm
Maximum HE armor penetration across secondary HE families (caliber × 1/6 for most nations; 1/4 for German/UK BBs). Shells whose pen falls under a plate's armor thickness shatter for 0 hull damage though fire chance still applies. Best on this ship: 22 mm from the 130 mm family.
Damage Control Party
Repair Party
Catapult Fighter
Observation Seaplane
Secondary Battery Booster
Main Battery Reload Booster
