Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp133.5 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (14570/30·(8−1.1)/1000 + 1.1)·30 = 133.5 m
Max Vert Disp80.1 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 133.5 × 0.6 = 80.1 m
Med Horiz Disp42.7 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 133.5 × 0.32 (σ=2) = 42.7 m
Med Vert Disp25.6 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 80.1 × 0.32 (σ=2) = 25.6 m
AP Pen Close219 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2266 × 23^0.69 × 0.127^-1.07 × 915^1.38 = 219 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far38.1 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (17 km), where the shell has slowed to 257.8 m/s: 1e-7 × 2266 × 23^0.69 × 0.127^-1.07 × 257.8^1.38 = 38.1 mm.
HE penetration21 mm
21 mm ≈ 127 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch8 mm
floor(127 mm caliber / 14.3) = 8 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius12
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha12
All 12 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time7.2 s
180 degrees / 25 deg/s traverse speed = 7.2 s.
HE full-salvo alpha25,800
2,150 HE damage x 12 broadside guns = 25,800.
AP full-salvo alpha26,400
2,200 AP damage x 12 broadside guns = 26,400.
Base HE DPM221,143
25,800 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 7 s base reload = 221,143.
Base AP DPM226,286
26,400 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 7 s base reload = 226,286.
Base shells/min102.9
12 broadside guns x 60 / 7 s base reload = 102.9.
Base fires/min9.26
12 HE shells x 60 / 7 s reload x 9% fire chance = 9.26.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability1.6 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time8.8 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed70 kt
Travel time to max range65.9 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count6
2 launchers x 3 tubes.
Per-side salvo3 torpedoes
tube count / 2 (symmetric port/starboard launcher layout; common on cruisers and battleships with deck torpedoes).
Full-salvo damage95,598
tube count x per-torpedo simulated damage (all torpedoes hitting).
Per-side salvo damage47,799
per-side salvo x per-torpedo simulated damage.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS144
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (10×3.5×0.9) + (4×3.5×0.85) + (5×3.5×0.9) + (27×3.5×0.9) = 144. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range5 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index573
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range1.2 km
Secondary battery firepower
Secondary DPM (per side)40,000
Sum across all secondary families of (per-side barrels × 60 / reload_s × alpha), where per-side barrels = mounts × barrels-per-mount / 2 (the guns that bear on one broadside target). Per-family: 4×1 120 mm (2/side) × 60/6 × 2000 = 40,000. Assumes every shell hits (real hit rate is lower; the Brawl matchup tool on the Compare page folds in dispersion + target armor).
Max HE alpha2000
Maximum HE damage per shell across secondary HE families. Best on this ship: 2000 from the 120 mm family.
Max HE fire chance8%
Maximum per-shell fire chance across secondary HE families (before target fire resistance is applied). Best on this ship: 8% from the 120 mm family.
Max HE pen20 mm
Maximum HE armor penetration across secondary HE families (caliber × 1/6 for most nations; 1/4 for German/UK BBs). Shells whose pen falls under a plate's armor thickness shatter for 0 hull damage though fire chance still applies. Best on this ship: 20 mm from the 120 mm family.
Damage Control Party
Sonar
Torpedo Reload Booster
Catapult Fighter
Defensive AA Fire