Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)1.7
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp125.6 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (14749/30·(8−0.5)/1000 + 0.5)·30 = 125.6 m
Max Vert Disp75.4 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 125.6 × 0.6 = 75.4 m
Med Horiz Disp44.8 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 125.6 × 0.357 (σ=1.7) = 44.8 m
Med Vert Disp26.9 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 75.4 × 0.357 (σ=1.7) = 26.9 m
AP Pen Close218 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2598 × 25^0.69 × 0.127^-1.07 × 792^1.38 = 218 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far48.3 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (16.4 km), where the shell has slowed to 265.6 m/s: 1e-7 × 2598 × 25^0.69 × 0.127^-1.07 × 265.6^1.38 = 48.3 mm.
HE penetration21 mm
21 mm ≈ 127 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch8 mm
floor(127 mm caliber / 14.3) = 8 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius10
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha12
All 12 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time7.2 s
180 degrees / 25 deg/s traverse speed = 7.2 s.
HE full-salvo alpha21,600
1,800 HE damage x 12 broadside guns = 21,600.
AP full-salvo alpha25,200
2,100 AP damage x 12 broadside guns = 25,200.
Base HE DPM259,200
21,600 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 5 s base reload = 259,200.
Base AP DPM302,400
25,200 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 5 s base reload = 302,400.
Base shells/min144
12 broadside guns x 60 / 5 s base reload = 144.
Base fires/min7.2
12 HE shells x 60 / 5 s reload x 5% fire chance = 7.2.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability1.1 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time7.7 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed55 kt
Travel time to max range64 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count8
2 launchers x 4 tubes.
Per-side salvo4 torpedoes
tube count / 2 (symmetric port/starboard launcher layout; common on cruisers and battleships with deck torpedoes).
Full-salvo damage124,264
tube count x per-torpedo simulated damage (all torpedoes hitting).
Per-side salvo damage62,132
per-side salvo x per-torpedo simulated damage.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS339
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (48×3.5×0.9) + (27×3.5×0.85) + (34×3.5×0.9) = 339. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range5 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index1225
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range2 km
Damage Control Party
Sonar
Defensive AA Fire
Smoke Generator