Main battery formulas
Shell Grouping (σ)2
Shell grouping (sigma); shown in-game as Shell Grouping.
Max Horiz Disp96.1 m
Horizontal dispersion ellipse width at max range. (R/30·(idealRadius−minRadius)/idealDistance + minRadius)·30 = (10816/30·(8−0.5)/1000 + 0.5)·30 = 96.1 m
Max Vert Disp57.7 m
Vertical dispersion ellipse height at max range = max horizontal × radiusOnMax = 96.1 × 0.6 = 57.7 m
Med Horiz Disp30.7 m
50%-hit horizontal radius = max horizontal × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 96.1 × 0.319 (σ=2) = 30.7 m
Med Vert Disp18.4 m
50%-hit vertical radius = max vertical × GetHalfHitsRatio(σ) = 57.7 × 0.319 (σ=2) = 18.4 m
AP Pen Close218 mm
Canonical community AP formula (jcw780/wows_shell), evaluated at muzzle velocity: 1e-7 × Krupp × mass^0.69 × caliber_m^-1.07 × v0^1.38 = 1e-7 × 2598 × 25^0.69 × 0.127^-1.07 × 792^1.38 = 218 mm. Matches the in-game spec card.
AP Pen Far44.2 mm
Same formula at the ship's max firing range (13.5 km), where the shell has slowed to 249.1 m/s: 1e-7 × 2598 × 25^0.69 × 0.127^-1.07 × 249.1^1.38 = 44.2 mm.
HE penetration21 mm
21 mm ≈ 127 mm caliber / 6 (standard HE penetration ratio).
AP overmatch8 mm
floor(127 mm caliber / 14.3) = 8 mm (AP auto-penetrates plating this thick or less).
AP AOE Radius10
AP shell over-penetration splash radius; scales with shell mass. Wickes 102mm = 3, standard 152mm CL ~ 20, Iowa 406mm ~ 270, Yamato 460mm = 400, Incomparable 650mm = 550 (max). Larger value = bigger splash damage area when AP over-pens.
Broadside guns used for alpha4
All 4 barrels bear on the broadside.
Turret turn time5.3 s
180 degrees / 34 deg/s traverse speed = 5.3 s.
HE full-salvo alpha7,200
1,800 HE damage x 4 broadside guns = 7,200.
AP full-salvo alpha8,400
2,100 AP damage x 4 broadside guns = 8,400.
Base HE DPM139,355
7,200 HE full-salvo alpha x 60 / 3.1 s base reload = 139,355.
Base AP DPM162,581
8,400 AP full-salvo alpha x 60 / 3.1 s base reload = 162,581.
Base shells/min77.4
4 broadside guns x 60 / 3.1 s base reload = 77.4.
Base fires/min3.87
4 HE shells x 60 / 3.1 s reload x 5% fire chance = 3.87.
Torpedoes
Torpedo detectability1 km
Estimated torpedo reaction time7.8 s
detectability / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Torpedo speed49 kt
Travel time to max range82.4 s
range / (speed kt x 2.6 community game-speed factor).
Tube count8
2 launchers x 4 tubes.
Per-side salvo8 torpedoes
8 (centerline launchers train across - full salvo to either side).
Full-salvo damage70,936
tube count x per-torpedo simulated damage (all torpedoes hitting).
Per-side salvo damage70,936
per-side salvo x per-torpedo simulated damage.
AA defense
Close-range AA DPS138
Sum across every AA aura on this ship of (aura.continuous_damage x 3.5 x aura.hit_probability). Here: (5×3.5×1) + (13×3.5×0.95) + (22×3.5×1) = 138. Covers AA-only mounts plus dual-purpose secondaries (Bismarck 105mm, USN 5"/38 cruiser secondaries) and dual-purpose main batteries (Sumner-class 5"/38, Akizuki-line 100mm). Formula validated against in-game captures on California, Sumner, Manfred von Richthofen, Dante Alighieri (exact) and within +/-17% on the remaining verified ships.
Maximum AA range5 km
Longest-reaching aura across AA-only + dual-purpose auras.
AA threat index472
SUM over AA auras of (aura DPS x aura range km). A plane crossing the AA bubble is exposed to each aura for a time proportional to that aura's range, so long-reach DPS is worth more than the same DPS in a short bubble. Units: DPS*km; used to rank overall AA threat across the cohort.
Near aura range1.2 km
Damage Control Party
Smoke Generator
Engine Boost